The functional group in an alkyne is a carboncarbon triple bond. Predict, draw and name the products of functional group reactions. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The properties of organic molecules depend on the structure, and knowing the names of organic compounds allow us to communicate with other chemists. In the absence of a directing or activating group, the reactivity of one ch or. Alkenes have two hydrogen atoms fewer than the corresponding alkane with the same. Reforming is the process of increasing the amount of cycloalkanes and hydrocarbons containing benzene rings, to improve octane number. Alkanes do not have a functional group, so therefore cannot react with an acid or an alkali.
Reforming is a similar process to catalytic cracking that is used in addition. Alkane functional group with examples what is the use. Although these hydrocarbons have no functional groups, they constitute the. In organic chemistry, an alkene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains a carboncarbon. Specifically, methods for alkane functionalisation include radical initiated. We look at how larger alkane molecules are cracked. The reaction between alkanes and chlorine or bromine. Organic chemistry starters 1618 resource rsc education. A brief look at cracking alkanes in the oil industry. Oh band at 3600 cm1 which, upon interaction with an alkane, forms a hydrogen bond. Reactions of alkanes and alkenes hydrocarbons edexcel. The combustion of alkanes, including incomplete combustion. Asked in hydrocarbons why is there no reaction between potassium permanganate and alkanes.
The main sources of alkanes are oil and natural gas, which are important chemical raw materials and energy materials. Thermal cracking, but if it is in the presence of catalyst. Alkanes, cycloalkanes, and functional groups khan academy. What functional groups other than alkanecycloalkane are. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration.
This is done by changing the ane suffix in the name of an alkane to ene for a double bond, or yne for a triple bond. Aromatics are cyclic strcutures that are planar, fully conjugated and that possess an odd number of electron pairs in the. When alkanes c 4c 6 are heated to 150c with a platinum of aluminium oxide catalyst, isomerism occurs. Because they are isomeric with cycloalkanes or bicycloalkanes, their names must clearly convey the presence of functional unsaturation. Catalytic cracking an overview sciencedirect topics. Acyclic alkenes, with only one double bond and no other functional groups, known as.
The complete combustion of alkanes and alkenes involves the oxidation. Monomolecular cracking rates of light alkanes over zeolites. An introduction to the alkanes including cycloalkanes and their physical properties. Well be learning about different aspects of molecular structure, including common functional groups and conformations. This means that they have similar chemical properties to each other and they have trends in. Ca11aii classification functional groups, caei alkanes structure, cafi alkenes structure. The alkanes are a homologous series of hydrocarbons. Challenges and opportunities for alkane functionalisation using.
Besides, their acidic bridged oh groups lead to a single. Organic reactions can be classified into the following groups cracking, reforming,combustion,addition,hydrogenation,substitution,elimination,condensation,addition polymerization, and condensation polymerization. A brief description of the difference between thermal and catalytic cracking of alkanes. Igcse alkanes alkenes 5 cracking alkanes exercise youtube. Paraffins refer to alkanes such as methane, ethane. The alkane is brought into contact with the catalyst at a temperature of about 500c and moderately low pressures. The reaction produces branched alkanes, and so is useful in improving octane number.
The cracking mechanism of alkenes via carbenium ion intermediates with. Alkanes and alkenes are the hydrocarbons used as transportation fuels and are. The zeolites used in catalytic cracking are chosen to give high percentages of hydrocarbons with between 5 and 10 carbon atoms particularly useful for petrol gasoline. Pdf organic chemistry made easy for senior secondary schools. Pdf chemical mechanisms of catalytic cracking over solid acidic. Alkene olefin alkyne acetylenes arene aromatic ring. Such compounds are called alkenes and alkynes respectively. Reforming is described as the processing of straightchain hydrocarbons into branchedchain alkanes and cyclic hydrocarbons for efficien. What functional groups other than alkane cycloalkane are present in the below molecule. In reforming processes, naphtha refined or unrefined that may have been. All these processes involved reaction with carbon molecules to form other compounds. It will lead you to information on reforming and isomerisation as well as a.