Baron and miller attempted to shed some light on this subject in a recently published article in. May 27, 2016 laboratory acquired infections due to a variety of bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi have been described over the last century, and laboratory workers are at risk of exposure to these infectious agents. Guidelines for biosafety laboratory competency cdcaphl pdf icon external icon. There are many scientific publications on bioincidents and lais. In fact, brucellosis is one of the most common laboratoryacquired infections 614. Although the precise risk of infection after an exposure remains poorly defined, surveys of laboratoryacquired infections suggest that brucella species, shigella species, salmonella species, mycobacterium tuberculosis, and neisseria meningitidis are the most common. Risk assessment in the clinical microbiology laboratory.
The term laboratoryacquired infections lais refers to all direct or indirect human infections with or without the onset of symptoms following exposure to pathogenic organisms genetically modified or not in the laboratory. At the end of this course, learners will be able to recognize key events in the history of biosecurity. Laboratoryacquired infections due to a wide variety of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites have been described. Recent article on laboratory acquired infections by beth schweitzer, ms, mtascpsm assistant bioterrorism coordinator, nphl the incidence of laboratoryacquired infections lai is not known because no federal guidelines exist for reporting. Since that time aneffort has been madeto maintain a file of laboratoryacquired infections as theyare reported in the literature andas they are called to ourattention. Cdc guidelines for biosafety laboratory competency pdf human xenografts in animals absl2 training oh 227 pdf biosafety cabinets video, ut eid required disinfection practices for tissue culture. S is most densely located in areas associated with sheep, goat, or cattle ranching. This is done by the public health agency of canada phac as part of a comprehensive national program that protects canadians from the health and safety risks posed by human and terrestrial animal pathogens and toxins. Improved biosafety and biosecurity measures andor strategies.
Hacs, hospitalacquiredinfections hais, and medical errors specifically, as well as patient health and safety more generally. To further the work of this committee, investigators are urged to report instances of laboratory infections and accidents to the author of this article. The term lais refer to all infections acquired through laboratory work or laboratoryrelated activities with or without the onset of infections, and result from occupational exposure to infectious agents pike, 1976. Known accidents or incidents accounted for only % of the infections.
If the certification is out of date or there is an out of service tag on the bsc, do not use it. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article. Sources and routes of exposure laboratory workers must be aware of the most common sources and routes of exposure in order to prevent lais. Laboratory acquired infections 197920 karen byers, rbp, cbsp biosafety o. Biosafety level 2 laboratory in beijing, china, analyzed sars samples inadequately inactivated before removal from bl3 lab. Reductionelimination of glass andor sharp objects whenever possible, work with nonglass and nonsharp objects to prevent cutaneous injury. Laboratory exposures to human pathogens and toxins in canada. Contact the biosafety office to schedule certification or repairs. Laboratory acquired infections this course presents information about laboratory acquired infections intoxications. The two authors have thoroughly revised this established text, to include the recent developments in infections and agents, and current european regulations and recommendations. National standards for the prevention and control of. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 1. Infection to someone outside workplace b k d l h di 2017 l b t a i d i f ti tertiary lai infection transmitted from 2y.
Survey of laboratoryacquired infections around the world in. A new edition of this comprehensive manual on causes and prevention of laboratoryacquired infections, for laboratory personnel and managers. Pdf epidemiology of laboratoryassociated infections. There are only a few reports of laboratory acquired infections and accidents with gmos kimman et al.
Laboratory acquired infections described in the literature from 19792004 were analyzed according to agent, means of exposure, and type of laboratory where the work was conducted research. Canada recently enacted legislation to authorize the collection of data on laboratory incidents involving a biological agent. Aerosolization is the major source of transmission, but the bacterium can also be transmitted via direct contact. The term laboratoryacquired infections or lais refers to all direct or indirect human infections with or without the onset of symptoms following exposure to pathogenic organisms in a biological laboratory 2. Define the responsibilities of management in creating a safe laboratory environment. Laboratory acquired infections lais, also called occupational illness or laboratory associated infections, are not new phenomena in microbiological laboratories. In the united states, brucella infection is one of the most common laboratoryacquired infections, accounting for 24% of laboratoryacquired bacterial infections and 11% of deaths due to laboratory infection. However, reporting laboratoryassociated infections has been largely voluntary, and there is no way to determine the real number of people involved or to know the precise risks for workers. Buy m29a4, protection of laboratory workers from occupationally acquired infections, at clsi.
Nosocomial infections infection acquired in the hospital. People with this kind of infection typically have diarrhea, fever and abdominal cramps that go away without specific treatment within 47 days. Penn policy for laboratory work with nonhuman primate materials revised 9. Laboratory acquired infections lai karen b byers, ms, rbp, cbsp biosafetyyg manager dana farber cancer institute 60th annual biological safety conference october. Nosocomial infections george washington university. Exposure response plan for laboratory handling of schistosoma mansoni. More than 288 laboratory acquired mycoses are described here, including 108 cases of coccidioidomycosis, 81 of histoplasmosis, 8 of blastomycosis, 7 of sporotrichosis, and 84 of dermatophytoses. Pneumonia acquired while hospitalized or while living in an inpatient setting is referred to as nosocomial pneumonia.
Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Laboratory quality management system training toolkit. Clinical and laboratory standards institute document m29a4protection of laboratory workers from occupationally acquired infections. Laboratory science is critical to protect americas health. Apr 28, 2015 the term lais refer to all infections acquired through laboratory work or laboratory related activities with or without the onset of infections, and result from occupational exposure to infectious agents pike, 1976.
Laboratoryacquired infections and bioincidents belgian. An overview volume 4, issue 3 you are in the middle of investigating an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness in your county. Laboratory workers are at risk when handling specimens containing brucella species because of aerosolgenerating procedures or accidents that may result in infection of blood or conjunctiva 6. Meningococcal isolates recovered from sterile sites e. Although most of the cases discussed here occurred in laboratory workers, occupationally acquired infections in health care workers are included as well because they illustrate some of the same principles.
Surface disinfection the biosafety cabinet or bench top surfaces must be disinfected when work has been. Prevention of laboratory acquired infections many lais occur because laboratory personnel do not appreciate the increased exposure risk associated with an incorrect or delayed identification of a highly infectious agent e. Draft final report estimating the additional hospital. Laboratoryacquired infections in flanders 20072012, an online survey pdf file addendum 2015. History, incidence, causes and preventions, 4th edition. Clinical and laboratory standards institute document m29a3, protection of laboratory workers from occupationally acquired infections. Over the past years, a broad spectrum of pathogenic agents, such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites, or genetically modified organisms, have been described and gained a substantial concern due to.
Pike 10,ll and others 8,9,18 have tabulated the most common laboratory procedures or mishaps that result in in this issue laboratoryacquired infections. Although the precise risk of infection after an exposure remains poorly defined. Laboratoryacquired infections 197920 karen byers, rbp, cbsp biosafety o. Recent article on laboratory acquired infections by beth schweitzer, ms, mtascpsm assistant bioterrorism coordinator, nphl the incidence of laboratory acquired infections lai is not known because no federal guidelines exist for reporting. Survey of laboratoryacquired infections around the world. Guidelines for safe work practices in human and animal medical diagnostic laboratories cdc cdc prevention guidelines database. Then at the laboratory, someone with wiry hair in a long white coat waves a wand over the. Based on us regulations, this document provides guidance on the risk of transmission of infectious agents by aerosols, droplets, blood, and body substances in a laboratory setting. Even so, much can be learned from the cases of laboratory acquired parasitic infections that have been reported. Clsi m29a3 protection of laboratory workers from occupationally acquired infections. Questions addressed to biosafety officers, prevention advisors and occupational physicians pdf file questions addressed to laboratory staff pdf file report of the survey published in 20. Laboratoryacquired infections clinical infectious diseases. Queens university biosafety manual 2017 65 if more complicated than the first table, a written donning and doffing procedure for the particular ppe worn in your laboratory must be developed and posted outside the lab as. Laboratoryacquired infections described in the literature from 19792004 were analyzed according to agent, means of exposure, and type of laboratory where the work was conducted research.
Biological risks and laboratoryacquired infections. National standards for the prevention and control of healthcareassociated infections in acute healthcare services health information and quality authority page 3 of 120 about the health information and quality authority the health information and quality authority hiqa is an independent authority. You collect the proper clinical specimens and promptly ship them to the laboratory for testing. Salmonella infections are usually acquired by eating contaminated food. Clinical laboratory preparedness and response guide aphl pdf icon external icon.
Although the precise risk of infection after an exposure remains poorly defined, surveys of laboratory acquired infections suggest that brucella species, shigella species, salmonella species, mycobacterium tuberculosis, and neisseria meningitidis are the most common. Links to pubmed are also available for selected references. Surveillance of healthcareassociated infections and. Principles of good microbiological practice fact sheet pdf.
This course presents information about laboratory acquired infectionsintoxications. Punctures and cuts from socalled sharps, such as needle sticks, broken pipettes, and glass slides, can lead to dangerous laboratoryacquired infections lais. Approved guideline third edition is intended to be a practical tool for laboratory and healthcare workers. According to the belgian legislation on the protection of workers against biological agents at work 3. Cap occurs outside of the hospital or within 48 hours after hospital admission in a patient who has not been recently hospitalized and is not living in a longterm care facility. Laboratory acquired meningococcal disease is a documented but infrequent hazard to laboratory workers. World health organization laboratory biosafety manual third edition. Asection onthis subject in diagnostic procedures and reagents, published by the american public health association, contains a summaryof 2,262 cases with 96. Laboratoryacquired parasitic infections from accidental. Mar 31, 2016 salmonella infections are usually acquired by eating contaminated food.
Potential laboratoryacquired salmonella infection at cdc. Exposure response plan for laboratory handling of schistosoma. This is a preliminary report of influenza cases, hospitalizations and deaths. Clsi m29a4 protection of laboratory workers from occupationally acquired infections. Biosafety guidelines for handling microorganisms in the teaching laboratory asm external icon. Hiv1 infection transmitted by serum droplets into the eye.
Even so, much can be learned from the cases of laboratoryacquired parasitic infections that have been reported. Laboratory acquired infections in biological safety, principles and practices, 5th edition, d. However, reporting laboratory associated infections has been largely voluntary, and there is no way to determine the real number of people involved or to know the precise risks for. Laboratory quality management system training toolkit current. The handling of biological agents and recombinant dna requires the use of precautionary measures dependent on the agents involved and the procedures being performed. Laboratoryacquired infections in research settings. Accidental inoculation by syringe needles or contaminated sharps. Laboratory acquired infections due to a wide variety of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites have been described. Service providers in these settings should continue to use the 2009 national standards for the prevention and control of healthcare associated infections in the interim. Laboratory acquired infections lai karen b byers, ms, rbp, cbsp biosafetyyg manager dana farber cancer institute 60th annual biological safety conference october october 18 albuquerque, new mexico. Heightened clinical suspicion and close communication between the physician and the laboratory are essential in providing worldclass service to our patients and in mitigating the risk of laboratoryacquired infections due to select agents e.
For example, both ahrq and cms encourage the practice of evidencebased quality and infection control including through a national technicalassistance program implem ented by. Laboratory quality management system training toolkit current laboratory practice series 2009 2 references modules 1 18 quality management system training toolkit collins ch, kennedy da. Laboratoryacquired infections due to a variety of bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi have been described over the last century, and laboratory workers are at risk of exposure to these infectious agents. Pike 10,ll and others 8,9,18 have tabulated the most common laboratory procedures or mishaps that result in in this issue laboratory acquired infections. Find this and other standards documents in the clsi shop.
According to the cdc, the five most prominent sources of laboratoryacquired infections are. Approved guidelinefourth edition is intended to be a practical tool to aid in the development of an effective biosafety program for laboratory workers. Surveillance of healthcareassociated infections and prevention indicators in european intensive care units hainet icu protocol, version 2. Although the precise risk of infection after an exposure remains poorly defined, surveys of laboratoryacquired infections suggest that brucella species, shigella species, salmonella species, mycobacterium tuberculosis, and neisseria meningitidis are the most common causes. Clinical guidelines and protocols asm external icon. Identify several dangerous pathogens that have contributed to laboratoryacquired infections and recognize the trigger points for safehandling which are associated with each one. Most of these have involved work with pregnant sheep in research laboratories 7.